What is Dry Skin and How Can I Treat It?

Dry skin isn’t just about feeling tight after washing your face – it’s a sign your skin barrier is struggling. New research reveals exactly why it happens and how to fix it for good. 

Why Skin Gets Dry (The Science Bit) 
Your outermost layer (stratum corneum) is like a protective wall: 

• Bricks = skin cells (corneocytes). 

• Mortar = oils (ceramides and lipids). 

When the mortar cracks (thanks to low ceramide levels, as the study found): 

• Water escapes leading to tight, flaky skin. 

• Irritants enter leading to redness and sensitivity. 

The Dermatologist-Approved Rescue Plan Use moisturisers with humectants (e.g., glycerin) that pull water in, occlusives (e.g., ceramides) that lock moisture down and emollients (e.g., squalane) that smooth the cracks. 

Pro Tip from the Study: 
"Dry skin is a warning sign – leaving it untreated can lead to more serious conditions like eczema." 

SKIN BIOLOGY, XEROSIS, BARRIER REPAIR AND MEASUREMENT 

A.V. Rawlings, P.J. Matts, C.D. Anderson, M.S. Roberts 

BACKGROUND

The skin is the human body's largest organ and serves as a protective barrier against environmental factors, constantly renewing and repairing itself. Impaired skin barrier function, often characterised by changes in the stratum corneum (SC), can lead to increased water loss and various skin conditions.  Dry and flaky skin, a common dermatological issue, arises from damage to the SC and impaired SC cell function, often treatable with moisturisers that enhance SC barrier function. 

OBJECTIVE

To  provide a concise review of the scientific advancements in skin biology, focusing on: 

• Xerosis. 

• Barrier repair mechanisms. 

• Measurement techniques related to these aspects. 

METHOD

Existing literature and research findings in skin biology were reviewed, examining the structure and function of the skin barrier, particularly the stratum corneum (SC).  It delves into the mechanisms behind skin barrier repair following injury, exploring the roles of various enzymes, lipids, and proteins.  Additionally, it discusses the use of bioengineering methods for assessing skin function, including techniques like evaporimetry, impedance measurements, and confocal microscopy. 

RESULTS

• Dry skin should be seen as a spectrum of conditions ranging from subclinical to severe physical evidence. 

• The study found dry skin is characterised by inefficient corneodesmosome degradation, accumulation of corneocytes, and a perturbed lamellar lipid matrix with reduced ceramide levels.  

• These changes can be addressed through moisturisers that contain humectants, occlusives, and emollients. 

CONCLUSION

• Understanding the stratum corneum (SC) as a dynamic barrier is crucial for maintaining skin health.  

• Dry skin can be a precursor to more serious conditions like eczema, highlighting the importance of proper skincare and the use of moisturisers.  

• Advancements in cosmetic technology, combined with a deeper understanding of SC biology, offer promising avenues for future research and development in this field. 

Click here to read the full study >